Optimal. Leaf size=52 \[ -\frac {1}{x}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {3} x}{1-x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)+\frac {1}{6} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x}{1+x^2}\right ) \]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A]
time = 0.11, antiderivative size = 78, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.50, number of steps
used = 11, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 13, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.538, Rules used = {331, 302, 648,
632, 210, 642, 212} \begin {gather*} \frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {2 x+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{12} \log \left (x^2-x+1\right )+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (x^2+x+1\right )-\frac {1}{x}+\frac {1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x) \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 210
Rule 212
Rule 302
Rule 331
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (1-x^6\right )} \, dx &=-\frac {1}{x}+\int \frac {x^4}{1-x^6} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {1}{x}+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {x}{2}}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {x}{2}}{1+x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{3} \int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {1}{x}+\frac {1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {-1+2 x}{1-x+x^2} \, dx+\frac {1}{12} \int \frac {1+2 x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{1-x+x^2} \, dx-\frac {1}{4} \int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {1}{x}+\frac {1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{12} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,-1+2 x\right )+\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x\right )\\ &=-\frac {1}{x}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {3}}+\frac {1}{3} \tanh ^{-1}(x)-\frac {1}{12} \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+\frac {1}{12} \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [A]
time = 0.02, size = 86, normalized size = 1.65 \begin {gather*} -\frac {12+2 \sqrt {3} x \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {-1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )+2 \sqrt {3} x \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )+2 x \log (1-x)-2 x \log (1+x)+x \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )-x \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )}{12 x} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maple [A]
time = 0.19, size = 71, normalized size = 1.37
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\ln \left (x +1\right )}{6}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{12}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x +1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {\ln \left (x -1\right )}{6}-\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{12}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{6}-\frac {1}{x}\) | \(71\) |
risch | \(-\frac {1}{x}-\frac {\ln \left (4 x^{2}-4 x +4\right )}{12}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{6}+\frac {\ln \left (x +1\right )}{6}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{12}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 \left (x +\frac {1}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{6}-\frac {\ln \left (x -1\right )}{6}\) | \(71\) |
meijerg | \(\frac {\left (-1\right )^{\frac {1}{6}} \left (\frac {6 \left (-1\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}{x}+\frac {x^{5} \left (-1\right )^{\frac {5}{6}} \left (\ln \left (1-\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}\right )-\ln \left (1+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}\right )+\frac {\ln \left (1-\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{2-\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )-\frac {\ln \left (1+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{2}+\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}{2+\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {1}{6}}}\right )\right )}{\left (x^{6}\right )^{\frac {5}{6}}}\right )}{6}\) | \(132\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maxima [A]
time = 0.50, size = 70, normalized size = 1.35 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{x} + \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left (x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left (x - 1\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fricas [A]
time = 0.37, size = 76, normalized size = 1.46 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {3} x \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - x \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) + x \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) - 2 \, x \log \left (x + 1\right ) + 2 \, x \log \left (x - 1\right ) + 12}{12 \, x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Sympy [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 87 vs.
\(2 (37) = 74\).
time = 0.12, size = 87, normalized size = 1.67 \begin {gather*} - \frac {\log {\left (x - 1 \right )}}{6} + \frac {\log {\left (x + 1 \right )}}{6} - \frac {\log {\left (x^{2} - x + 1 \right )}}{12} + \frac {\log {\left (x^{2} + x + 1 \right )}}{12} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3} x}{3} - \frac {\sqrt {3}}{3} \right )}}{6} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3} x}{3} + \frac {\sqrt {3}}{3} \right )}}{6} - \frac {1}{x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Giac [A]
time = 1.17, size = 72, normalized size = 1.38 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{x} + \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} + x + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{12} \, \log \left (x^{2} - x + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left ({\left | x + 1 \right |}\right ) - \frac {1}{6} \, \log \left ({\left | x - 1 \right |}\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mupad [B]
time = 0.06, size = 64, normalized size = 1.23 \begin {gather*} -\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {x\,2{}\mathrm {i}}{-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}}{6}-\frac {1}{6}{}\mathrm {i}\right )-\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {x\,2{}\mathrm {i}}{1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}\right )\,\left (\frac {\sqrt {3}}{6}+\frac {1}{6}{}\mathrm {i}\right )-\frac {1}{x}-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (x\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{3} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________